Spain’s strategic energy policy with the Maghreb: Balancing security, gas, and renewables

Spain's energy policy has increasingly focused on fostering ties with the Maghreb region, comprising primarily of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. This partnership has significant implications for Spain's energy security, natural gas imports, and renewable energy initiatives. As Europe navigates energy transition challenges, Spain’s evolving relationship with the Maghreb is a blend of pragmatism and forward-thinking strategies.

Algeria, with its substantial natural gas reserves, supplies a significant portion of Spain's natural gas via the Medgaz pipeline. This underscores the importance of stable diplomatic relations. However, geopolitical tensions and instability in the Maghreb pose risks to this arrangement. Spain's strategy involves diversifying its energy sources and strengthening political and economic ties to ensure a steady gas supply. By leveraging its advanced liquefied natural gas (LNG) infrastructure, among the most robust in Europe, Spain imports gas from a diverse array of global markets. This enhances energy security and positions Spain as a potential LNG hub for Europe, capable of re-exporting surplus gas to neighboring countries.

Natural gas remains essential to Spain's energy policy, providing a cleaner alternative to coal and oil. While Algeria accounts for the lion’s share of imports, Spain is also exploring additional suppliers and routes to mitigate risks associated with fluctuations in global energy prices and regional political instability. Maintaining a balance between reliance on Algerian gas and diversified global imports, Spain aims to ensure a reliable energy supply.

Simultaneously, Spain is vigorously pursuing renewable energy initiatives. The country's abundant sunlight and wind resources make it an ideal candidate for solar and wind power projects. Spain's renewable energy policy also extends to the Maghreb, where collaborative ventures are being explored. Morocco, for instance, has emerged as a key partner in renewable energy projects. The Noor Ouarzazate solar complex, one of the world’s largest, exemplifies successful Spanish-Moroccan cooperation in harnessing solar power. Spain is keen to replicate and expand such initiatives, fostering a trans-Mediterranean renewable energy network. This collaboration promises to diversify Spain’s energy mix and promote economic development and stability in the Maghreb, creating a symbiotic relationship.

Moving to the east, Spain's current energy policy with Libya is focused on leveraging the country's vast natural resources, particularly in oil, gas, while also expanding cooperation in renewable energy, despite the ongoing political instability and security concerns. 

Spain's multifaceted strategy in the Maghreb aims to develop a dependable energy supply, manage natural gas imports, and advance renewable energy projects. By strengthening ties with its North African neighbors, Spain is addressing its immediate energy security concerns while laying the groundwork for a sustainable and interconnected energy. This strategic balancing act, blending traditional and renewable energy sources, could establish Spain as a pivotal player in the Euro-Mediterranean energy landscape.

*Lonzo Cook is a journalist and writer. He spent two decades at CNN in a series of senior editorial and management roles including leading breaking news operations across Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. In addition to writing on international affairs, national security and business, he works with media companies and corporations on how to evolve and create content to stay relevant to key audiences.